Compendium of Types:
Definitions from Schenk, E.T. and McMasters, J.H., 1935.
Types of families:
Type-genus - the genus upon which a family is based.
Types of generic categories:
Genosyntype - one of several species included within a genus at
the time of its proposal, if none was designated as genotype.
Genotype - the single species upon which a genus is based.
Types of specific categories:
Primary types:
Holotype
- the single specimen taken as the "type" by the original
author of a species.
Or: A single specimen selected by the author of a species as its
type, or the only specimen known at the time of decription.
- Special cases in the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN):
- The Current edition of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN), which superseeds all previous editions is the St Louis Code or Black Code (2000). A holotype may be an illustration: A type is either a single specimen in one herbarium or other collection or institution, or an illustration (Art. 8.1). Type specimens of names or taxa must be preserved permanently and may not be living plants or cultures. Cultures of fungi and algae, if preserved in a metabolically inactive state, are acceptable as types (Art. 8.4).
Syntype - one of several specimens of equal rank upon which a species is based.
Lectotype - a specimen, selected from a syntype series, upon which a revised species is based.
Paratype - a specimen, other than the holotype, used as a basis of a new species.
Neotype - a specimen selected to replace the holotype, in case all type material of a species is lost or destroyed.
Plesiotype - A specimen upon which a subsequent or additional description or figure is based; any specimen indentified with a described or named species by a person other than the describer.
Secondary types:
Hypotype
- a described, figured, or listed specimen.
Topotype - a specimen from the type locality of a species.
Homoeotype - a specimen compared with the type and found to be conspecific with it.
Plastotype - a cast of a type.
Other definitions:
From Australian museum online,
http://www.austmus.gov.au/invertebrates/type.htm:
"Types"
The following definitions are from Eschmeyer, 1998 and are used with the permission of Dr W.N. Eschmeyer.
Allotype - A term designating a specimen of opposite sex to the holotype.
Cotype - A term not now to be used that formerly was used for either a syntype or paratype.
Holotype - The single specimen on which the taxon was based or the single specimen designated as the name-bearing (or primary) specimen.
Lectotype - A syntype later designated as the one name-bearing type specimen.
Neotype - The specimen designated as the name-bearing type of a nominal species or subspecies for which no holotype, or lectotype, or syntype, or prior neotype is believed to exist.
Paralectotype - The type specimens remaining after a lectotype is designated.
Paratype - Specimens of the type series other than the holotype.
Syntype - Each specimen of a type series (of equal rank) when no holotype or lectotype has been named.
Type - A term used alone or as part of a compound term used for a kind of specimen or taxon.
Type series - The original name-bearing specimens used to define a species-group taxon.
Type species - The (nominal) species that is the name-bearing type of a genus or subgenus.
"Non-Types"
Genotype - This term has been used
incorrectly for the type species of a genus.
Plesiotype - This term has been used for a specimen illustrated in a publication. These are not type specimens. Plesiotype was sometimes used by G.P. Whitley, one of the most famous of Australian ichthyologists. Whitley worked in the Australian Museum Fish Section from 1922 till 1964.
Topotype - This term has been used for specimens collected from the type locality after the original description of the species.
Further reading:
1.Eschmeyer, W.N. 1998. Catalog of Fishes. Special Publication No.1 of the Center for Biodiversity Research and Information. California Academy of Sciences. Vols. 1-3. Pp. 2905.
Definitions from "Type" Dictionary,
by George Olshevsky
http://www.dinosauria.com/dml/type.htm
In answer to your question, here are relevant portions, slightly abridged and unindented, of the glossary from the 1985 edition of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature:
type - A term used alone, or forming part of a compound term, to denote a particular kind of specimen or taxon.
allotype - A term, not regulated by the Code, for a designated specimen of opposite sex to the holotype.
cotype - A term not recognized by the Code, formerly used for either syntype or paratype, but that should not now be used in zoological nomenclature.
genotype - A term not recognized by the Code, formerly used for type species, but that should not now be used in zoological nomenclature.
hapantotype - One or more preparations of directly related individuals representing differing stages in the life cycle together forming a name-bearing type in an extant species of protozoa. A hapantotype is a series that must not be restricted by lectotype selection; however, if a hapantotype is found to contain individuals of more than one species, components may be eliminated until it contains individuals of only one species.
holotype - A single specimen designated as the name-bearing type of a species or subspecies when it was established, or the single specimen on which such a taxon was based when no type was specified.
lectotype: - A syntype designated as the single name-bearing type specimen subsequent to the establishment of a nominal species or subspecies.
name-bearing type - The type genus, type species, holotype, lectotype, series of syntypes (which, together, form the name-bearing type), neotype, type slide, or hapantotype, that provides the objective standard of reference whereby the application of the name of a taxon can be determined.
neotype - The single specimen designated as the name-bearing type of a nominal species or subspecies for which no holotype, or lectotype, or syntype(s), or prior neotype, is believed to exist.
paralectotype - Each specimen of a former syntype series remaining after the designation of a lectotype.
paratype: Each specimen of a type series other than the holotype.
syntype - Each specimen of a type series from which neither a holotype nor a lectotype has been designated.
topotype - A term, not regulated by the Code, for a specimen originating from the type locality of the species or subspecies to which it is thought to belong, whether or not the specimen is part of the type series.
type horizon - The geological stratum from which the name-bearing type of a nominal species or subspecies was collected.
type locality - The geographical place of capture or collection of the name-bearing type of a nominal species or subspecies. If the name-bearing type was captured or collected after being transported by boat, vehicle, aircraft, or other human or mechanical means, the type locality is the place from which it, or its wild progenitor, began its unnatural journey.
type series - The series of specimens that either constitutes the name-bearing type (syntypes) of a nominal species or subspecies or from which the name-bearing type has been or may be designated.
type specimen - A term used in previous editions of the Code for holotype, lectotype, or neotype; also used generally for any specimen of the type series.
The term "plesiotype" is not even in the Code glossary, but it is essentially a synonym of paratype. Some have used it to denote a specimen "farther removed" from the type specimen than a paratype.
Copyright © 1995 George Olshevsky. This document was a public post to the dinosaur mailing list.
From Australian museum online,
http://www.austmus.gov.au/invertebrates/type.htm:
"Type" Dictionary, by George Olshevsky
http://www.dinosauria.com/dml/type.htm